canada nationality in french

The immigration of French speakers from around the world has also brought some other French dialects into Canada. [11][clarification needed], French Canadians living in Canada express their cultural identity using a number of terms. However, over the course of the late 19th and 20th centuries, French Canadians' discontent grew with their place in Canada because of a series of events, including the execution of Louis Riel, the elimination of official bilingualism in Manitoba, Canada's participation in the Second Boer War, Regulation 17 which banned French-language schools in Ontario, the Conscription Crisis of 1917 and the Conscription Crisis of 1944. ", Category:Canadian people of French descent, List of francophone communities in Ontario, "Quick Facts about Canada's Francophonie", "The French Canadians in the Province of Quebec", The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, "French Canadian Emigration to the United States, 1840-1930", "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables: Ethnic origin", "The Population of the St. Lawrence Valley 1608–1760", "French Immigration in Canada | The Canadian Encyclopedia", "THE ADVANTAGES OF ANALYZING ETHNIC ATTITUDES ACROSS GENERATIONS—RESULTS FROM THE ETHNIC DIVERSITY SURVEY", "Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population", "Ethnic Diversity Survey: portrait of a multicultural society", "House passes motion recognizing Québécois as nation", "Québec/Canada francophone : le mythe de la rupture", "Language Education, Canadian Civic Identity, and the Identity of Canadians", "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_Canadians&oldid=1009033399, Short description is different from Wikidata, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, French Canadians of the Great Lakes (including, This page was last edited on 26 February 2021, at 10:27. Until the 1960s, religion was a central component of French-Canadian national identity. The colonists had come from various regions in France over more than a century, and mainly lived in the cities and seigneuries of the St. Lawrence River Valley. By the late 1850s, Canada had received many immigrants with origins including English, French, Scottish, Irish, German, Italian, and Chinese. Christianity is the predominant religion of French Canadians, with Roman Catholicism the chief denomination. In the United States, some families of French-Canadian origin have converted to Protestantism. Thus: un Américain but un type américain. The data is from Statistics Canada. Updated as of 2020. French Canadians later emigrated in large numbers from Canada to the United States between the 1840s and the 1930s in search of economic opportunities in border communities and industrialized portions of New England. Six million of Canada's native French speakers, of all origins, are found in the province of Quebec, where they constitute the majority language group, and another one million are distributed throughout the rest of Canada. Increasingly, provincial labels are used to stress the linguistic and cultural, as opposed to ethnic and religious, nature of French-speaking institutions and organizations. French-Canadian contributions were essential in securing responsible government for The Canadas and in undertaking Canadian Confederation. Some Metis still speak Michif, a language influenced by French, and a mixture of other European and Native American tribal languages. [22] As a result, their identification with their ethnicity is weaker: for example, only 50% of third generation "Canadians" strongly identify as such, bringing down the overall average. New France, as it was called, grew along the St. Lawrence River and was settled by the French until their defeat by the British in the war of 1759-63. Although Canada has two official languages, English is overwhelmingly favored in most Canadian provinces. Comparative table for the 2011 Canadian census: In the United States, many cities were founded as colonial outposts of New France by French or French-Canadian explorers. The following table shows the population of Canada's that is of French ancestry. applied for a French … All three of Canada's territories include French as an official language of the territory alongside English and local indigenous languages, although in practice French-language services are normally available only in the capital cities and not across the entire territory. After World War II, English-Canadians appropriated the term "Canadian" and French-Canadians began identifying as Québécois instead. Today, people of French heritage make up the majority of native speakers of French in Canada, who in turn account for about 22 percent of the country's total population. When travelling, you may have noticed that the French you hear sounds different from one location to the next. Note that the additional letters required to make nationalities and adjectives feminine are indicated in parentheses after the relevant words. Prior to European arrival, indigenous peoples (Inuit, Metis, and First Nations) lived in Canada. Canadian French is an umbrella term for the distinct varieties of French spoken by francophone Canadians: Québécois (Quebec French), Acadian French, Métis French, and Newfoundland French. Pursuant to articles 19 and 19-1 of the Civil Code,those cases include 1. any child born in France of an unknown father and mother, 2. any child born in France of stateless parents, and 3. any child born in France for whom foreign laws on nationality do not permit in any way the conveyance of the nationality of either one of the parents to him/her. This is a reflection of the strong social, cultural, and political ties that most Quebecers of French-Canadian origin, who constitute a majority of francophone Quebecers, maintain within Quebec. Religion in Quebec (2011 National Household Survey):[32]. Over 150 years of French colonization, between 1608 and 1760, an estimated 8,500 pioneers married and left at least one descendant on the territory. Distinct French speaking ethnic groups in Canada include the Acadians of the Maritime Provinces, the Brayons of New Brunswick and the Métis of the Prairie Provinces, among other smaller groups. The term "French Canadian" is still used in historical and cultural contexts, or when it is necessary to refer to Canadians of French-Canadian heritage collectively, such as in the name and mandate of national organizations which serve francophone communities across Canada. The only tricky part is making sure you use the correct prepositions, which change with the gender of the country or continent you're discussing. By 1960 agriculture changed toward an industrial agriculture. The majority of French Canadians reside in Quebec, where they constitute the majority of the province's population, although French Canadian and francophone minority communities exist in all other Canadian provinces and territories as well. Academic analysis of French Canadian culture has often focused on the degree to which the Quiet Revolution, particularly the shift in the social and cultural identity of the Québécois following the Estates General of French Canada of 1966 to 1969, did or did not create a "rupture" between the Québécois and other francophones elsewhere in Canada.[27]. Intermarriage occurred mostly with the deported Acadians and migrants coming from the British Isles[citation needed]. In Quebec, about 77% of people are native French speakers or francophones and 95% speak French as a first or second language. It was a founding member of the United Nations and has been active in a number of major UN agencies and other worldwide operations. Canada has two official languages, but for the Quebecois French is their first language. Permanent settlement dates from 1608 with the arrival of the French. The adjectives are very similar and can be used to describe the residents of each continent. "Canadiens" redirects here. The latter three were grouped together by Jantzen (2006) as "French New World" ancestries because they originate in Canada.[12][16]. [2], During the mid-18th century, Canadian colonists born in French Canada expanded across North America and colonized various regions, cities, and towns;[3] the French-Canadian settlers originated primarily from districts in the west of France, such as Normandy, Perche, Beauce, Brittany, Maine, Anjou, Touraine, Poitou, Aunis, Angoumois, Saintonge and Gascony. (An additional 8.4 million Americans claim French ancestry; they are treated as a separate ethnic group by the U.S. Census Bureau.). Bill 101 was created in response to what some believe is English Canadian culture encroaching on French … This growth is primarily attributable to individuals who reported having French and English as their mother tongue. Quebec is also home to Canada’s second largest city, and the second largest French speaking city in the world, Montreal (more than four million people). The generations born in the United States would eventually come to see themselves as Franco-Americans. It is the sole official language of Quebec and one of the official languages of New Brunswick, Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. French-Canadians also settled in central North Dakota, largely in Rolette and Bottineau counties, and in South Dakota. The only tricky part is making sure you use the correct prepositions, which change with the gender of the country or continent you're discussing. In the 2011 Census of Canada, the Canadian population of nearly 33.5 million reported more than 200 languages as their language spoken at home or their mother tongue. French Canadians may also speak either Canadian English or American English, especially if they live in overwhelmingly English-speaking Canadian provinces or in the United States. It took the 1774 Quebec Act for French Canadians to regain the French civil law system, and in 1791 French Canadians in Lower Canada were introduced to the British parliamentary system when an elected Legislative Assembly was created. Francophone Canadians of non-French-Canadian origin such as immigrants from francophone countries are not usually designated by the term "French Canadian"; the more general term "francophones" is used for French-speaking Canadians across all ethnic origins. Le droit du sang, (jus sanguinis in Latin) or the ability to claim French citizenship based on descent, is one of the more popular ways to claim French nationality.If one or both of your parents are French citizens, you have the right to apply for French citizenship. After the 1760 British conquest of New France in the French and Indian War (known as the Seven Years' War in Canada), the French-Canadian population remained important in the life of the colonies. "What Are the French Names of Countries, Nationalities, and Languages?" Additionally, about one million native francophones live in other provinces, forming a sizable minority in New Brunswick, w French Canadian identities are influenced by historical events that inform regional cultures. Many also pioneered the Canadian Prairies in the late 18th century, founding the towns of Saint Boniface, Manitoba and in Alberta's Peace Country, including the region of Grande Prairie. [34] The early inhabitants of Acadia, or Acadians (Acadiens), came mostly but not exclusively from the southwestern regions of France. Since 2010, Canada has welcomed an average of more than 260,000 permanent residents each year. Brayons in Madawaska County, New Brunswick and Aroostook County, Maine may be identified with either the Acadians or the Québécois, or considered a distinct group in their own right, by different sources. Eastern and Northern Ontario have large populations of francophones in communities such as Ottawa, Cornwall, Hawkesbury, Sudbury, Welland, Timmins and Windsor. Most French Canadians reside in Quebec, and are commonly referred to as Quebecers and Québécois in that province, although smaller communities exist throughout Canada and in the United States. The English-speaking residents who arrived later from Great Britain were called "Anglais". Other Languages of Canada. Use our official study guide, Discover Canada: The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship, to study for your test. Metis French is the traditional language of the Metis people. Rather, they identify culturally, historically, and ethnically with the culture that originated in Quebec that is differentiated from French culture. Also, note that the names of the languages are always masculine and are not capitalized. "Canadian" was included as an example on the English questionnaire and "Canadien" as an example on the French questionnaire. They came to identify as Franco-American, especially those who were born American. [9] Following the takeover of the colony by the British crown in 1760, immigration from France effectively stopped,[10] but descendants of French settlers continued to grow in number due to their high fertility rate. For example, in New England, the relatively recent immigration (19th/20th centuries) is informed by experiences of language oppression and an identification with certain occupations, such as the mill workers. There are about 10 million French speakers in Canada, and they’re found in every province and territory! Identification with provincial groupings varies from province to province, with Franco-Ontarians, for example, using their provincial label far more frequently than Franco-Columbians do. About a fifth of Canadians, or nearly 6.8 million people, reported having a mother tongue other than English or French, Canada's two official languages. French Canadians (also referred to as Canadiens; French: Canadiens français, pronounced [kanadjɛ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛ]; feminine form: Canadiennes françaises, pronounced [kanadjɛn fʁɑ̃sɛz]), or Franco-Canadians (French: Franco-Canadiens), are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada from the 17th century onward. Exceptions for French citizenship. Francophones who self-identify as Québécois and do not have French-Canadian ancestry may not identify as "French Canadian" (Canadien or Canadien français). You can start studying for the test at any time. Traditionally Canadiens had a subsistence agriculture in Eastern Canada (Québec),[citation needed] this subsistence agriculture slowly evolved in dairy farm during the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century while retaining the subsistence side. Most native French speakers in Canada live in Quebec, a province in which French is the only official language. French Canadians have selectively bred distinct livestock over the centuries, including cattle, horses and chickens. Those who do have French or French-Canadian ancestry, but who support Quebec sovereignty, often find Canadien français to be archaic or even pejorative. What French Prepositions Go With Countries and Continents? Canada has been an influential member of the Commonwealth and has played a leading role in the organization of French-speaking countries known as La Francophonie. French Canadians outside Quebec are more likely to self-identify as "French Canadian". ThoughtCo. Acadian French is also the basis of Cajun French, spoken all the way down in Louisiana. The French-speaking population have massively chosen the "Canadian" ("Canadien") ethnic group since the government made it possible (1986), which has made the current statistics misleading. Spot the Mistake in 'Parlez-Vous Français', How to Say the Countries of the World in French. It is designed to give you an idea of how countries, nationalities, and languages are translated between English and French; it's intended as an indicative list, not a comprehensive list of countries. Rates of religious observance among French Canadians outside Quebec tend to vary by region, and by age. Most Canadian native speakers of French live in Quebec, the only province where French is the majority and sole-official language. Plus, we will review the names for the world's continents. Only the primary languages for each country are included in the list, though many countries have citizens who speak many languages. The Church parish was the focal point of civic life in French-Canadian society, and religious orders ran French-Canadian schools, hospitals and orphanages and were very influential in everyday life in general. ThoughtCo. In English usage, the terms for provincial subgroups, if used at all, are usually defined solely by province of residence, with all of the terms being strictly interchangeable with French Canadian. In total, those whose ethnic origins are French Canadian, French, Québécois and Acadian number up to 11.9 million people or comprising 33.78% of the Canadian population.[6]. Canadian nationality (French: Nationalité canadienne) is regulated by the Citizenship Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-29) since 1977. Acadians (Acadiens), who reside in the Maritimes, may be included among the French Canadian group in linguistic contexts, but are considered a separate group from the French Canadians in a cultural and ethnic sense due to their distinct history, which predates the admission of the Maritime Provinces to Canadian Confederation in 1867. Foster and adopted children can also claim French citizenship if their guardian is a French citizen. There are 2 main dialects you’re most likely to hear: Laurentian and Acadian. [28] Education, health and social services are provided by provincial institutions, so that provincial identities are often used to identify French-language institutions: Acadians residing in the provinces of New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia represent a distinct ethnic French-speaking culture. Notice the similarities between the English and French names. 1970, c. C-19) in 1977, the Act has gone through four significant amendments, in 2007, 2009, 2015, and 2017. You must provide proof of your language skills in either language. ... English and French. For the hockey team, see, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Jantzen (2006): "The reporting of French New World ancestries (Canadien, Québécois, and French-Canadian) is concentrated in the 4th+ generations; 79% of French- Canadian, 88% of Canadien and 90% of Québécois are in the 4th+generations category. That said, we do have a comprehensive list of the French names for the world's countries elsewhere, which you do well to review. Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) is the federal department that manages Canadian citizenship, both for those applying for citizenship and for current Canadian citizens. Most francophone Canadians who use the provincial labels identify with their province of origin, even if it is not the province in which they currently reside; for example, a Québécois who moved to Manitoba would not normally change their own self-identification to Franco-Manitoban. Two main kinds of French are spoken in Canada: 1) the French spoken in Québec and by descendants of Quebecers in the provinces west of Québec, and 2) the French spoken by Acadians. About half of them returned home. Canada’s dual nationality is published on every postage stamp and on the paper currency issued by the Dominion government, for they are printed in both French and English. Since the 20th century, the French-Canadian population has experienced significantly more intermixing with other ethnic groups, from many different origins. Not all francophone Canadians are of French Canadian descent or heritage. MONTREAL — Is a French woman who grew up speaking the language of Molière not French enough for Quebec?. French Canadians (including those who are no longer French-speaking) constitute the second largest cultural group in Canada, behind those of English ancestry and ahead of those of Scottish and Irish heritage; there is nevertheless a distinction between those identifying as French Canadians and those simply identifying as French. What Are the French Names of Countries, Nationalities, and Languages? [21] Although deeply rooted Canadians express a deep attachment to their ethnic identity, most English-speaking Canadians of British or Canadian ancestry generally cannot trace their ancestry as far back in Canada as French speakers. Using the names of countries around the world is fairly easy if you have memorized them. Gaining dual citizenship in America and Canada is no easy task, but can come with a lot of perks. It would be a very long list if we were to include every country in the world, so only a small selection is included in this lesson. [8], French Canadians of Quebec are a classic example of founder population. [23] The survey report notes that 80% of Canadians whose families had been in Canada for three or more generations reported "Canadian and provincial or regional ethnic identities". In L'avenir du français aux États-Unis, Calvin Veltman and Benoît Lacroix found that since the French language has been so widely abandoned in the United States, the term "French Canadian" has taken on an ethnic rather than linguistic meaning.[31]. The descendants of those Quebec inter-provincial migrants constitute the bulk of today's Franco-Ontarian community. French Canadians get their name from Canada, the most developed and densely populated region of New France during the period of French colonization in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Ethnic Diversity Survey of the 2006 Canadian census found that French-speaking Canadians identified their ethnicity most often as French, French Canadians, Québécois, and Acadian. A third-party test is a test done by an organization that isn’t Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). The Act determines who is, or is eligible to be, a citizen of Canada. Beyond the country name itself, we will learn the word describing the nationality of a country's residents and the names of the primary languages spoken. Between the 1840s and the 1930s, some 900,000 French Canadians immigrated to the New England region. Having replaced the previous Canadian Citizenship Act (S.C., 1946, c. 15; R.S.C. Using the names of countries around the world is fairly easy if you have memorized them. Canada (/ ˈ k æ n ə d ə / (); French: ) is a country in North America.It is north of the United States.Its land reaches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Arctic Ocean to the north. They include Mobile (Alabama), Coeur d'Alene (Idaho), Vincennes (Indiana), Belleville (Illinois), Bourbonnais (Illinois), Prairie du Rocher (Illinois), Dubuque (Iowa), Baton Rouge (Louisiana), New Orleans (Louisiana), Detroit (Michigan), Biloxi (Mississippi), Creve Coeur (Missouri), St. Louis (Missouri), Pittsburgh (Fort Duquesne, Pennsylvania), Provo (Utah), Green Bay (Wisconsin), La Crosse (Wisconsin), Milwaukee (Wisconsin) or Prairie du Chien (Wisconsin). The main Franco-American regional identities are: People who today claim some French-Canadian ancestry or heritage number some 7 million in Canada and 2.4 million people in the United States. There are various urban and small centres in Canada outside Quebec that have long-standing populations of French Canadians, going back to the late 19th century, due to interprovincial migration. The Ethnic Diversity Survey of the 2006 Canadian census[13][14][15] found that French-speaking Canadians identified their ethnicity most often as French, French Canadians, Québécois, and Acadian. French is the mother tongue of approximately 7.2 million Canadians according to the 2016 Canadian Census. (2020, August 27). Many also are the descendants of mixed French and Algonquian marriages (see also Metis people and Acadian people). The official study guide is always free. Finally, wherever you see a little speaker after a name, you can click on it and hear the word pronounced. The territories of New France were Canada, Acadia (later renamed Nova Scotia), and Louisiana. The original use of the term Canada referred to the land area along the St. Lawrence River, divided in three districts (Québec, Trois-Rivières, and Montréal), as well as to the Pays d'en Haut (Upper Countries), a vast and thinly settled territorial dependence north and west of Montreal which covered the whole of the Great Lakes area. Jantzen (2006) distinguishes the English Canadian, meaning "someone whose family has been in Canada for multiple generations", and the French Canadien, used to refer to descendants of the original settlers of New France in the 17th and 18th centuries. Smaller groups of French Canadians settled in the Midwest, notably in the states of Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, and Minnesota. https://www.thoughtco.com/french-vocabulary-countries-nationalities-and-languages-4079488 (accessed March 10, 2021). Although all citizens of Canada are considered Canadians, many Canadians also feel that is the term that best represents their ethnicity. In the Great Lakes, many French Canadians also identify as Métis and trace their ancestry to the earliest voyageurs and settlers; many also have ancestry dating to the lumber era and often a mixture of the two groups. For nationalities, the proper noun and adjective are exactly the same, except the proper noun is capitalized, while the adjective is not capitalized. The 9 Best Podcasts for Learning French in 2021, Unraveling the Mystery of Capitalizing French Titles, Canadian Provinces and Territories Translated to French, Prepositions: Small and Mighty Words That Drive French Sentences, How to Say All 50 Us States in French (And Why We Should Care), The French Calendar: Speaking of Days, Weeks, Months and Seasons, Facts and Figures About the French Language, Learn How to Conjugate the French Verb 'Aller', Why Spanish Isn't Easier to Learn Than French, How the French Describe Clothing Shape, Texture and More. During the mid-18th century, French explorers and Canadiens born in French Canada colonized other parts of North America in what are today the states of Louisiana (called Louisianais), Mississippi, Missouri, Illinois, Vincennes, Indiana, Louisville, Kentucky, the Windsor-Detroit region and the Canadian prairies (primarily Southern Manitoba). It also gave up the territories east of the Mississippi — whic… Many French Canadians are the descendants of the King's Daughters (filles du roi) of this era. Other major cities located in proximity to the St. Lawrence river,which links Quebec and Montreal to the Atlantic Ocean, include Hull-Gatineau (314,000), Trois-Rivieres (155,000), Sherbrooke (212,000), and Saguenay (160,000). The latter three were grouped together by Jantzen (2006) as "French New World" ancestries because they originate in Canada. See also the French Civil code 23-6 and 30-3 which is where a French national can lose their French nationality in the case of them being French by descent IF they have habitually resided outside France, and had never taken up possession of the state (E.g. The U.S. Department of State or Bureau of Consular Affairs and Citizenship and Immigration Canada allows for citizens to have dual citizenship, meaning it is not required for you to give up citizenship if you plan to obtain a second foreign nationality. It is echoed in the Supreme Court of Canada and in the houses of Parliament, where, according to the constitution, French stands on a par with English as an official language. [18] Confederation united several former British colonies into the Dominion of Canada, and from that time forward, the word "Canadian" has been used to describe both English-speaking and French-speaking citizens, wherever they live in the country. Between 1840 and 1930, roughly 900,000 French Canadians immigrated to the United States, mostly to the New England region.[5]. At the end of the Seven Years’ War, France, Great Britain and Spain ratified the Treaty of Paris (1763). [17] "Canadien" was used to refer to the French-speaking residents of New France beginning in the last half of the 17th century. These identities include French New World ancestries such as "Québécois" (37% of Quebec population) and Acadian (6% of Atlantic provinces).[24]. The wealth of Catholic churches named after St. Louis throughout New England is indicative of the French immigration to the area. Find out how COVID-19 affects your citizenship application . When you are applying for Canadian citizenship, you must prove that you know enough of either French or English so that you can … ThoughtCo. Although Canada is a predominantly English-speaking country, there are francophone communities throughout its provinces. This group's culture and history evolved separately from the French Canadian culture, at a time when the Maritime Provinces were not part of what was referred to as Canada, and are consequently considered a distinct culture from French Canadians. The body of French language speakers in Canada includes significant communities from other francophone countries such as Haiti, Cameroon, Algeria, Tunisia or Vietnam. By the time Britain took control in 1763 there were 70,000 inhabitants in New France. Facts and statistics about the Nationality of Canada. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, Languages and Nationalities (Les Langues et Les Nationalités). Give yourself a lot of time to accomplish the process. During the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s, however, the practice of Catholicism dropped drastically. The inhabitants of the French colony of Canada (modern-day Quebec) called themselves the Canadiens, and came mostly from northwestern France. And because language is one of the biggest determiners of culture, there is a cultural difference between French Canada and English Canada. Peopl… The British gained Acadia by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. At the same time, not all Canadians of French heritage are francophone today. "What Are the French Names of Countries, Nationalities, and Languages?" Nevertheless, while the French Canadians of Quebec today may be partly of other ancestries, the genetic contribution of the original French founders remains predominant, explaining about 90% of regional gene pools, while Acadians (descended from other French settlers in eastern Canada) account for 4% and British 2%, with Native American and other groups contributing less.

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