which disease is completely eradicated from world

Guinea worm disease 4. [85] The WHO region of the Americas declared on 29 April 2015 it had eliminated rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. 1,2. b. By 1980, the WHO declared that smallpox had been completely eradicated, although government and health agencies still have stashes of smallpox virus for research purposes. The disease, which carries around a 30 percent chance of death for those who contract it, is the only infectious disease afflicting humans that has officially been eradicated. Eradicated means complete extermination of the disease agent. [88] The WHO European region missed its elimination target of 2010 due to undervaccination in Central and Western Europe; it has set a new goal of 2015. So swift eradication of the disease was a monumental achievement. Further confusion arises from the use of the term eradication to refer to the total removal of a given pathogen from an individual (also known as clearance of an infection), particularly in the context of HIV and certain other viruses where such cures are sought. Its goal was to eradicate polio by the year 2000. 4. The first disease that was eradicated from the world through deliberate intervention was smallpox. In 1980, smallpox was declared the first disease completely eradicated by people. Overall, of 83 endemic countries, mass treatment has been rolled out in 48, and elimination of transmission reportedly achieved in 21. The triumph over this dreaded disease is perhaps one of the greatest success stories in medical history. It is caused by the malarial parasite with the mosquito acting as the vector of the disease. It is the only eradicated disease in animals. However, following the cessation of this program these diseases remained at a low prevalence in parts of Asia, Africa and the Americas with sporadic outbreaks. The WHO aims to completely eliminate transmission of the Trypanosoma brucei gambiense parasite by 2030, though it acknowledges that this goal "leaves no room for complacency. The eradication of malaria from many parts of the world has been possible due to large-scale programs launched by the various international organizations. ☂ by Shelley Finch @GoodThingsGuy Aug 21, 2019 419 0. Following the eradication of smallpox and wild poliovirus type 2, this news represents a historic achievement for humanity. Smallpox was a devastating disease that was highly contagious; merely sharing bedding or face-to-face contact with an … [79] May 2017 saw a return of measles to the US after an outbreak in Minnesota among unvaccinated children. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. This leaves only wild poliovirus type 1 and circulating vaccine-derived polio circulating in a few isolated pockets, with all wild polio cases after August 2016 in Afghanistan and Pakistan. In the United States, a long list of diseases have been nearly eradicated by vaccines: diphtheria, bacterial influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, and tetanus, among others. [95], Following an epidemic of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) in the UK in the 1990s, there have been campaigns to eliminate bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle across the European Union and beyond which have achieved large reductions in the number of cattle with this disease. They have the potential to wipe out the entire human race if not controlled in time. 180 countries are today free of dracunculiasis. Only 12 years earlier, in 1967, the WHO stated that around 15 million people contracted smallpox and two million had died that year alone. Also known as goat plague or ovine rinderpest, PPR is a highly contagious viral disease of goats and sheep characterized by fever, painful sores in the mouth, tongue and feet, diarrhea, pneumonia and death, especially in young animals. Sometimes the disease develops mild symptoms, sometimes people are disabled for life. Doctors have been working on ending polio for 31 years, initially hoping it would be completely gone by 2000. The disease is closely related to measles and characterized by high fevers, oral erosions, lymphoid necrosis, and a very high mortality rate. Until the disease is completely eradicated globally, it is important to maintain a high immunity status in the population through vaccination. It is caused by a bacterium, Treponema pallidum pertenue. 1. Measles B. Polio. According to a 2012 official WHO roadmap, the elimination should be achievable by 2020. Polio. On 14 October 2010, with no diagnoses for nine years, the Food and Agriculture Organization announced that the disease had been completely eradicated,[12] making this the first (and so far the only) disease of livestock to have been eradicated by human undertakings. Five more infectious diseases have been identified as of April 2008[update] as potentially eradicable with current technology by the Carter Center International Task Force for Disease Eradication—measles, mumps, rubella, lymphatic filariasis and cysticercosis.[5]. The principal tool being used is mass ivermectin treatment. Three diseases have been "eliminated" (not eradicated) in India : Yaws, Leprosy,Guinea worm. As of 2019[update], 38 countries are certified as having eliminated malaria. At the 33rd World Health Assembly, 8 May 1980, smallpox was officially endorsed as eradicated. As of 2010[update], the WHO predicted it would be "a few years yet" before eradication is achieved, on the basis that it took 6–12 years for the countries that have so far eliminated guinea worm transmission to do so after reporting a similar number of cases to that reported by Sudan in 2009. The appropriate measure to fight the disease depends on the type of pathogen and the way of transmission. In 1960, the first country to eradicate polio was Czechoslovakia. In an historic announcement on World Polio Day, an independent commission of experts concluded that wild poliovirus type 3 (WPV3) has been eradicated worldwide. To this day, smallpox is the only human infectious disease to have been completely eradicated. Also known as the Guinea worm disease, dracunculiasis, is a disease caused by a parasite that is spread by drinking contaminated water. Sometimes the disease develops mild symptoms, sometimes people are disabled for life. An efficient and practical intervention (such as a vaccine or antibiotic) must be available to interrupt transmission of the infective agent. Like in the case of polio, several organizations have joined hands to eradicate the disease from the world. Lucky You! A. The FAO of the UN played the major role in eliminating the disease. It was a viral disease that infected cattle and other ruminants. [64][65][66] The Americas set a goal in 1994 to eliminate measles and rubella transmission by 2000, and successfully achieved regional measles elimination in 2002, although there have been occasional small outbreaks from imported cases since then. It is said that the disease is still present in laboratories in the US and Russia. Wild strains of polio only circulate now in two countries: Afghanistan and Pakistan. Regional elimination established or underway, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD). [59] The strategy for eliminating transmission of lymphatic filariasis is mass distribution of medicines that kill the microfilariae and stop transmission of the parasite by mosquitoes in endemic communities. The last patient of variola major was diagnosed in Bangladesh in 1975. If a particular disease is eliminated worldwide, it’s considered eradicated. In North American countries, such as the United States, elimination of hookworm had been attained due to scientific advances. As of May 2010[update], only the South-East Asian region has yet to set a target date for elimination of measles transmission. Smallpox was an ancient disease that caused epidemics throughout human history, resulting in 300-500 million deaths (an estimated 10% of all deaths) in the 20th century . All 211 contacts were traced, revaccinated, and kept under surveillance.[10]. The triumph over this dreaded disease is perhaps one of the greatest success stories in medical history. (Since some diseases can be eliminated and then reintroduced at a later time, such diseases are still eligible for the list, but with the fact of reintroduction noted.) Small pox is of course eradicated throughout the world. This is sometimes described as "eradication", although technically the term only applies when this is achieved on a global scale. Andrew Brookes / Getty Images Two Infectious Diseases Already Eradicated . [76][77], The WHO region of the Americas declared on 27 September 2016 it had eliminated measles. However, after the program was stopped, the disease continued to remain at a low prevalence in different parts of the world. Another infectious disease called yaws is on the verge of being eradicated from the world. Smallpox is the only disease considered to be completely eradicated from the world. Success has been slower than was hoped—the original goal for eradication was 1995. [29]) Nigeria was removed from the WHO list of polio-endemic countries in September 2015 but added back in 2016, and India was removed in 2014[30] after no new cases were reported for one year.[31]. Czechoslovakia became the first country in the world, in 1960, to have eradicated polio. An elimination effort to address this is currently under way alongside the malaria effort described above; both countries intend to eliminate the disease by 2020. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the average life expectancy at the beginning of the 20th century was 47.3 years. From this there have been 113 individual measles cases and one death (out of the total of 189 cases in the US in 2015). Only two or three countries remain in which poliovirus transmission may never have been interrupted: Pakistan, Afghanistan, and perhaps Nigeria. [49] As of 2018, 21 countries were seeking to eliminate malaria by 2020. [69] However, some have been pushing to attempt global eradication. This is sometimes described as "eradication", although technically the term only applies when this is achieved on a global scale. Furthermore, some diseases like polio, measles, mumps, rubella, lymphatic filariasis, cysticercosis, and Guinea worm disease are … [11] The final, successful campaign was led by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Symptoms. Rinderpest, which is discussed in our entry on the eradication of diseases, was a disease that only affected animals and is not included in this chart due to lack of data on the number of cases.. Reuse our work freely. Polio. Diseases with multiple hosts are difficult to target for eradication because it often means that the disease will have to be eradicated in all of them. [41][42] Yaws is currently targeted by the South-East Asian Regional Office of the WHO for elimination from the remaining endemic countries in this region (India, Indonesia and East Timor) by 2010, and so far, this appears to have met with some success, since no cases have been seen in India since 2004. A. Unlike diseases such as smallpox and polio, there is no vaccine or drug therapy for guinea worm. Economic considerations, as well as societal and political support and commitment, are other crucial factors that determine eradication feasibility. Here are some examples of the success stories. Previous. Yaws 5. A doctor points to scars from a previous smallpox vaccine. Ques : According to WHO, which disease has been completely eradicated from the world by vaccination? Polio is so close to becoming the second disease to ever be eradicated from the planet; the disease is now only present in three countries, one of which is on its way to polio-free status! A doctor points to scars from a previous smallpox vaccine. ⚛ Question - In following which disease had been completely eradicated from world ☑ Answer - Small pox. The spread of any infectious disease has the potential to be spread faster than ever before, increasing the chances of a deadly pandemic in this century. In 1980, smallpox was declared the first disease completely eradicated by people. A century later, that number had increased to 77.85 years, due largely to the development of vaccinations and other treatments for deadly diseases. Three diseases have been "eliminated" (not eradicated) in India : Yaws, Leprosy,Guinea worm. There is great controversy surrounding this storage. Polio eradication, the permanent global cessation of circulation by the poliovirus and hence elimination of the poliomyelitis (polio) it causes, is the aim of a multinational public health effort begun in 1988, led by the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the Rotary Foundation. by provision of borehole wells, or through treating the water with larvicide), on containment of infection and on education for safe drinking water practices. A program called the TCP program was launched on a global scale to eliminate the disease and significant progress was made in this regard. [59] In sub-Saharan Africa, albendazole is being used with ivermectin to treat the disease, whereas elsewhere in the world albendazole is used with diethylcarbamazine. Smallpox is the only disease considered to be completely eradicated from the world. POLIO, which once ravaged the world causing paralysis as it shut down nervous systems, is a long-eradicated disease in some countries. Hopefully in less than a generation, the everyday person on the street will be left wondering what these diseases are, as they are no longer around. [40], Yaws is a rarely fatal but highly disfiguring disease caused by the spiral-shaped bacterium (spirochete) Treponema pallidum pertenue, a close relative of the syphilis bacterium Treponema pallidum pallidum, spread through skin to skin contact with infectious lesions. Three of the diseases here listed (lymphatic filariasis, measles, and rubella) are among the diseases believed to be potentially eradicable by the International Task Force for Disease Eradication, and if successful, regional elimination programs may yet prove a stepping stone to later global eradication programs. The progress of new disease eradication campaigns for Guinea worm disease and polio, and the prospect of tackling other diseases", "Diseases considered as candidates for global eradication by the International Task Force for Disease Eradication", "UN 'confident' disease has been wiped out", "Polio Eradication:mobilizing and managing the human resources", "Eradicating Polio: A Model for International Cooperation", "WHO Vaccine Preventable Diseases: Monitoring system", "WHO South-East Asia Region certified polio-free", https://www.afro.who.int/news/africa-eradicates-wild-poliovirus, "Polio outbreak is reported in Syria, WHO says", "Progress toward interruption of wild poliovirus transmission—worldwide, January 2007–April 2008", "Polio today: are we on the verge of global eradication? There were two clinical varieties of the disease, the variola major, and the variola minor. [91] Some African countries, such as Uganda,[92] are also attempting elimination and successful elimination was reported in 2009 from two endemic foci in Mali and Senegal. [51] Since 2000, support for eradication has increased, although some people in the global health community remain sceptical. [105], As far as animal diseases are concerned, now that rinderpest has been stamped out, many experts believe peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is the next disease amenable to global eradication. You are in the right place and time to meet your ambition. This is the lowest number of cases since at least 1988. [48] The WHO defines elimination as having no domestic transmission for the past three years. They also define an "elimination stage" when a country is on the verge of eliminating malaria, as being less than one case per 1000 people at risk per year. Regardless, the last naturally occurring case of smallpox was diagnosed in 1977. It was a deadly disease that killed thousands of people around the world. [86], Onchocerciasis (river blindness) is the world's second leading cause of infectious blindness. (Since some diseases can be eliminated and then reintroduced at a later time, such diseases are still eligible for the list, but with the fact of reintroduction noted.) ☀ Click for more questions. However, high-security laboratories in certain countries continue to store the deadly smallpox virus. Measures to fight against the disease have to exist. Nonetheless, the last 1% may be the hardest,[37] and cases have increased from 2015 (22) to 2019 (54). It has to be an infectious disease which means you can “catch” it from other humans or animals. Measles B. Polio C. Mumps D. Smallpox Ans : D. Smallpox [94] It has also been eliminated in Ecuador (2014), Mexico (2015), and Guatemala (2016). However, in the present century, support for malaria eradication has poured in from all parts of the globe.

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